Armenia and Azerbaijan have long been associated with the Middle East but some sources now consider them part of Europe based on their economic and political trends. This, of course, would be based on political and economic definitions, not on a physical definition.
Georgia and Cyprus are part of Europe, but are included in this quiz because they were cut off on the Europe quiz.
The State of Palestine declared independence in 1988, but it is only recognized by the United Nations as an observer state (along with the Vatican). While not a UN member state, Palestine is recognized by 147 of the 193 United Nations members. It is expected that 3 more members will recognize it in the the fall of 2025. More information on the recognition of the State of Palestine: Wikipedia: International recognition of the State of Palestine